Dominique Frelaut学校综合体，法国 / Tectoniques

2026-02-03 16:52:08建筑设计科研教育教育建筑现代风格

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项目坐落于一个成分复杂、密度较高的城市环境中，占地相对紧凑，原为爱立信工业用地，旧有建筑已不复存在。学校体量较大，同时需设置一处绿色操场，这一条件促使设计团队提出“垂直校园”的概念：通过独特的流线组织，将建筑与景观交织在一起。整体形态清晰而易于识别，既具纪念性又不失亲切感，建筑如同一层保护性的外壳，环绕着中央操场展开。

Situated in a heterogeneous and dense urban context, the school group rises on a relatively small plot, formerly part of an Ericsson industrial site, of which nothing remains. The significant size of the facility and the added requirement of a green playground offered the opportunity to propose a vertical school with singular pathways, in an interweaving of architecture and landscape. Presenting a clear and easily recognizable form, at once monumental and familiar, the building coils around the playground like a protective enclosure.

▼学校建筑立面，facade of the school group

双层立面Double Façade

面向城市一侧，建筑立面以陶土板围合而成，呼应法兰西岛地区的砖砌传统，并明确致敬阿尔瓦·阿尔托的建筑语言。陶土板以竖向铺设，强调其作为覆层的属性；平面与凸面板交替排列，形成起伏的肋状肌理，使立面在不同视角与光线条件下呈现出丰富变化。面向庭院及顶层的立面则采用木构做法：超薄悬挂式金属结构支撑木质格栅，不仅起到遮阳作用，也为攀援植物提供生长依托，其根系直接扎根于庭院土壤之中。

On the city side, the façades form a terracotta enclosure, echoing the brick heritage of the Ile de France region with Alvar Aalto’s influence fully acknowledged. The plaquettes are placed vertically to emphasize their status as cladding. Alternating flat and convex plaquettes create a ribbed texture, giving relief to the façade and changing its perception depending on the view and daylight. The façades are made of wood on the courtyard side and the uppermost floor. They have an ultra-thin hanging metal structure holding wooden slats, providing shade and supporting climbing vines rooted in the courtyard soil.

▼面向庭院及顶层的立面采用木构做法，

the façades are made of wood on the courtyard side

▼面向城市一侧，建筑立面以陶土板围合而成，

on the city side, the façades form a terracotta enclosure

▼立面近景，closer view of the facade

微缩的巴黎盆地Miniature Parisian Basin

每一层都抽去一间教室，形成面向城市的悬挑花园阳台。南侧，操场屋顶被设计为一处大型教学花园平台，连接建筑的两翼。建筑基底在庭院中保留了大面积裸露土壤，并部分使用再生材料铺装，隐喻塞纳河冲积平原与河岸森林的自然景观。

▼分析图，analysis diagram

A classroom is removed on each floor to create space for a hanging garden balcony overlooking the town. On the south side, the roof of the playground serves as a vast platform laid out asa teaching garden, linking the building’s two wings. The building’s footprint leaves a large area of exposed soil in the courtyard, partially clad in reused materials, echoing the landscapes of the Seine’s alluvial plain and riparian forest.

▼花园一侧，the garden side

▼底部花园，the ground floor garden

▼屋顶花园与绿化，roof garden and landscape

作为整体构图的核心空间，中央庭院承担着场地雨水的汇集与过滤功能。层层退台的露台宛如一座微型植物园，呈现巴黎盆地多样的自然环境与土壤层次，通过基质理化差异强化其生态特征。这一分层景观遵循巴黎盆地特有的海拔梯度：低处为塞纳河景观，高处则过渡至林地与干性草原。

The central space, the focal point of the composition, collects and filters rainwater falling on the site. The terraces are a miniature arboretum, presenting the different natural environments of the Paris Basin and the variety and depth of its soils, enhanced by differences in the physical chemistry of its substrata. This stratified landscape follows an altitudinal gradient specific to the Paris Basin: below, the Seine; above, woods and dry grasslands.

▼层层退后的屋顶露台，the tiered rear roof terraces

▼底层架空空间，ground floor grey space

放眼城市Seeing Big

自然光通过大幅“画框式”窗洞涌入走廊，其在立面上的斜向分布呼应了建筑体量的错动关系。教室入口在比例上与之呼应，大面积采用玻璃，并正对面向城市的开口框景。这种组织方式在建筑内部形成了深远的视线通廊，使教室获得柔和的间接采光，并实现自然通风。因此，尽管教室在尺度上完全一致，但因朝向与外部关系不同，各自呈现出独特的空间体验。位于第四层、也是最高层的餐厅，则可俯瞰巴黎天际线。

Natural light floods the corridors through picture windows whose diagonal distribution on the façade follows the pattern of staggered volumes. Entrances to classrooms, in the same proportions and largely glazed, are located facing vast frameworks that overlook the city. This organization sets up deep perspectives through the building, floods classrooms with indirect sunlight, and ensures natural ventilation through the premises. Thus, all the classrooms, identical in their proportions, are different in their configuration and their relationship with the exterior. On the fourth and last floor, the lunchroom enjoys a panoramic view of the Paris skyline.

▼“画框式”窗洞涌，the picture windows

▼立面细部，details of the facade

▼细部，details

愉悦的行走路径Pleasant Pathways

错层的楼层组织在建筑内部生成了一张立体流线网络。两座大型混凝土圆筒体内设置了开放式、螺旋形的纪念性楼梯，引入充足的自然采光。楼梯顶部设置的镜面圆盘富有趣味与引导性，激发人们向上行走的欲望。室外楼梯如瀑布般层层下落至庭院，串联起各级露台，形成一条开放的户外行走路径，沿途可眺望多重城市景观。

The staggered organization of the floors creates a network of pathways through the architecture. Two large concrete cylindrical volumes house monumental, open, and helicoidal staircases that benefit from natural light. A playful and intriguing mirror disk on the ceiling invites one to climb it. Exterior staircases cascade down to the courtyard, linking all the terrace levels and offering an open-air path with multiple panoramic city views.

▼充满自然光线的空间，space full of sunshine

▼走廊，hallway

▼走廊与教室之间的隔墙采用压缩夯土砖饰面，partition walls between corridors and classrooms are clad in compressed earthen bricks

▼细部，details

▼楼梯，staircase

▼螺旋形的纪念性楼梯，

Spiral-shaped commemorative staircase

从建筑内部学习Learning from the Inside

走廊与教室之间的隔墙采用压缩夯土砖饰面，并在两侧裸露呈现。这种材料既为空间赋予质感，也有助于提升建筑的热惰性与湿度调节性能。内置家具以白杨木胶合板定制制作，柔化了部分设备与机电系统所带来的粗粝感。同时，建筑结构与设备管线被有意保留为可见状态，作为“学习对象”呈现给使用者，使师生能够理解建筑的建造方式与运行逻辑。这种简洁、直接的策略，也有助于降低后期维护与运营成本。

Partition walls between corridors and classrooms are clad in compressed earthen bricks. Exposed on both sides, the brick brings character to the spaces whilst also contributing to optimizing inertia and hygrometry. The built-in furnishings, designed and produced with poplar plywood, soften the brutalism of some equipment and service features. In furtherance of this goal, the structure and utility networks remain exposed for learning purposes, enabling users to grasp how the building was constructed and how it functions. This simplicity also ensures less costly upkeep and maintenance.

▼餐厅，canteen