Zdar木构住宅，捷克 / Kuba & Pilař architekti

2026-06-22 16:58:56建筑设计住宅居住建筑现代风格

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本项目建设场地位于城市西北部的Klafar区域。该住宅建筑群的城市布局遵循传统街区的原则，从而形成清晰的空间层级与空间特征——由公共街道空间逐步过渡至半私密庭院，再到私人前庭花园。拟建街区位于Sázavská街与K Milířům街的转角位置。建筑的空间组织围合出一个朝南的半公共庭院，而休闲与绿化空间则布置在场地的西侧。

The construction site is part of the Klafar area in the northwest of the city. The urban layout of the apartment buildings is based on the principle of a traditional city block, which defines a hierarchy and character of spaces—from public street areas, through semi-private courtyards, to private front gardens. The proposed block forms the corner of Sázavská and K Milířům streets. The spatial arrangement of the buildings creates a semi-public courtyard oriented to the south, while leisure areas with vegetation are located in the western part of the site.

▼项目鸟瞰，Aerial view of the project

▼项目远景，Site overview

▼建筑街景，Building street view

建筑被设计为由简单的垂直单元构成的整体结构。每个单元包含四层地上空间，由横向承重墙界定，其间嵌入带木质百叶的内凹式阳台（loggia）。这种设计在多个层面上营造出一种随机性与通透性并存的视觉效果。面向庭院的立面设置了阳台空间；而沿Sázavská街、朝北的一侧，则布置有木结构通行连廊，以及包含电梯与楼梯的钢筋混凝土交通核心。这些立面更为平整且封闭，仅开设条形窗。住宅单元相较于连廊向庭院方向错动，从而在连廊与住宅之间形成具有不同深度的垂直中庭，并在其间引入绿化。大多数住宅的起居空间与卧室均朝向西南。

▼可开启立面，Operable façade

The buildings are designed as a structure composed of simple vertical sections. Each section has four above-ground floors and is defined by transverse load-bearing walls, between which recessed loggias with wooden shutters are inserted. This creates a play of randomness and transparency across multiple layers. The loggia areas are located on façades facing the courtyard. Along Sázavská Street, facing north, there are wooden access galleries and reinforced concrete communication cores with elevators and staircases. These façades are flatter and more enclosed, with only strip windows. The residential sections shift toward the courtyard relative to the gallery, creating vertical atria of varying depths with greenery between the gallery and the apartments. Most apartments are oriented southwest for both living spaces and bedrooms.

▼全封闭立面，Fully enclosed façade

庭院位于B栋与C栋建筑的首层标高之上，主要用于居民的休闲活动。空间内设置有铺设碎石的场地，并在树阵下布置座椅，同时配置种植花坛与廊架。在庭院与A栋前方区域之间的坡地上，设计了阶梯式坐席（类似小型露天剧场）。庭院通过步行路径与场地西侧的公共空间相连。

The courtyard is designed at the level of the first floor of buildings B and C and is intended for residents’ leisure activities. It includes gravel surfaces with benches under groups of trees, planting beds, and a pergola. On the slope between the courtyard and the area in front of building A, stepped seating (amphitheater-like) is created. The courtyard is connected by a path to public spaces in the western part of the site.

▼住宅前院，Residential front yard

▼建筑立面细节，Building facade detail

所有建筑结构均为预制构件，并在现场进行组装。墙体与楼板采用木质CLT交叉层压板，而连廊结构则由胶合木桁架构成。电梯与楼梯核心筒、挡土墙、台阶以及外部构件均采用预制钢筋混凝土建造。

All building structures are prefabricated and assembled on-site. Walls and floor slabs are made of wooden CLT panels, while the gallery structure consists of glued laminated timber trusses. Elevator and staircase cores, retaining walls, steps, and exterior elements are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete.

▼楼梯间与开放式走廊，Staircase and open corridor

▼楼梯间内部，Staircase interior

可持续性体现在建筑紧凑的体量组织以及木材与混凝土结合的简洁模块化预制体系之中。建筑采用被动式能源策略，例如通过立面百叶实现遮阳，以及所有住宅的自然对流通风（南北向通风）。屋顶及中庭引入植被，以改善室内外环境质量。基于自然的设计原则同样体现在景观设计中，包括绿化配置与透水铺装的应用。

Sustainability is expressed through the compact building mass and a simple, modular prefabricated structure combining wood and concrete. The building uses passive energy strategies such as shading with façade shutters and natural cross-ventilation of all apartments (south/north). Vegetation is incorporated on the roof and in the atria to improve both indoor and outdoor environments. Nature-based design principles are also reflected in the landscaping, with greenery and permeable surfaces.

▼天井，Atrium

▼内部走廊，Internal corridor

该建筑群是捷克共和国最早的多层木结构住宅项目之一，同时也是经济适用型租赁住房的实践案例。该项目由Žďár nad Sázavou市政府与Česká spořitelna合作开发，并得到区域发展部的支持。

▼夜间照明效果，Nighttime lighting

▼夜间整体效果，Overall view

The buildings are among the first multi-storey timber residential projects in the Czech Republic and represent an example of affordable rental housing. The project was developed through collaboration between the city of Žďár nad Sázavou and Česká spořitelna, with support from the Ministry of Regional Development.

▼建筑夜景，Night view